Isolation of Lectins by Affinity Chromatography with Porcine Plasma Proteins Immobilized on Agarose

To develop a convenient method to isolate lectins, we prepared an affinity gel by coupling plasma proteins with agarose beads under conditions where the pH did not exceed 7.5. The validity of the use of this affinity gel in combination with elution using a hapten saccharide was confirmed by isolation of concanavalin A from Jack bean meal. Successful application of the method was demonstrated by isolation of two novel vegetable lectins from udo (Aralia cordate) and wasabi (Wasabia japonica). The method would be useful to isolate new lectins from various sources including plant and animal tissues.     

A New Acylated Anthocyanin from the Red Flowers of Camellia hongkongensis and Characterization of Anthocyanins in the Section Camellia Species

Twelve anthocyanins (1-12) were isolated from the red flowers of Camellia hongkongensis Seem. by chromatography using open columns. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, that is, proton-nuclear magnetic resonance, carbon 13-nuclear magnetic resonance, heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation, heteronuclear multiple bond correlation, high resolution electrospray ionization mass and ultraviolet visible spectroscopies. Out of these anthocyanins, a novel acylated anthocyanin, cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-(Z)-p-coumaroyl)-β-galactopyranoside (6), two known acylated anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl)-β-galactopyranoside (7) and cyanidin 3-O-(6-O-(E)-caffeoyl)-β-galactopyranoside (8), and three known delphinidin glycosides (10-12) were for the first time isolated from the genus Camellia. Furthermore, pigment components in C. japonica L., C. chekiangoleosa Hu and C. semiserrata Chi were studied.The results indicated that the distribution of anthocyanins was differed among these species. Delphinidin glycoside was only detected in the flowers of C. hongkongensis, which is a special and important species in the section Camellia. Based on the characterization of anthocyanins in the section Camellia species, there is a close relationship among these species,and C. hongkongensis might be an important parent for creating new cultivars with bluish flower color.     

Pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase from pollen: properties and possible roles in sugar metabolism

To evaluate the role of pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (PFP. EC 2.7.1.90) in the sugar metabolism of pollen. its occurrence and properties were studied in pollen grains of several plants including camellia ( Camellia japonica L.). In all pollen samples, PFP was strongly activated by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6BP), and the activity of F2,6BP-activated PFP was higher than that of phosphofructokinase (PFK. EC 2.7.1.11). PFP partially purified from camellia pollen required Mg²⁺ for activity with an optimum at 1 m M . and was almost unaflected by a variety of metabolites at 1 m M . Its molecular mass was around 220 kDa, and apparent K_m values for F6P, PP_i. F1, 6BP and P_i were 294, 4, 20 and 580 u M , respectively. The levels of F2.6BP. PP_i and F6P in camellia pollen were sufficent to support the forward reaction by PFP, and PFP, was 20- to 40-fold more active than PFK during pollen growth. These results suggest that pollen PFP plays a role in glycolysis but not gluconeogenesis. and the possible relevance of this to pollen tube growth is discussed.     

基于COⅠ基因探讨北京及其周边地区跳钩虾种群遗传结构

跳钩虾Platorchestia japonica栖息于湖泊、河流岸边,是重要的环境指示生物。本研究以线粒体COⅠ基因片段为分子标记,对北京及其周边地区22个采样点的128个样本进行种群遗传多样性和遗传结构研究。结果显示,623 bp的COⅠ基因序列中有567个保守位点、56个变异位点和38个简约信息位点。128个样本检测到43个单倍型,单倍型多样性为0.938,核苷酸多样性为0.011 72。最大似然法和贝叶斯法构建的系统发育树以及单倍型网络图表明,研究区域跳钩虾没有明显的地理种群结构,但所有单倍型形成2个遗传进化支。分子变异分析结果证实,跳钩虾2个进化支间的遗传变异显著高于进化支内的,进化支间固定系数为0.852 19,表明2个进化支遗传分化明显。本研究为进一步研究中国区域跳钩虾的遗传结构提供了有意义的基础数据。     

低温对枇杷苗叶片与根尖的生理状况及超微结构的影响

为探讨枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica)苗对低温伤害的响应,采用人工降温的方法,研究了‘解放钟’实生枇杷苗在低温胁迫下叶肉细胞与根细胞超微结构的变化,同时测定叶片褐变率、根系活力和细胞质膜相对透性(PMP)。结果表明,轻度低温(0℃)胁迫12h,根系活力下降26.09%,叶片褐变率仅升高17.15%,根系PMP值持续升高而叶片呈下降趋势。电镜下观察,根细胞和叶肉细胞均有明显线粒体增加现象。0℃胁迫36 h根细胞发生胞间结冰,液泡消失、线粒体膨大变形、双层膜消失、嵴消失、细胞壁结构损伤,而叶肉细胞仅表现叶绿体破坏、淀粉粒变小,线粒体完整。重度低温(–3℃、–5℃)胁迫下,根细胞和叶肉细胞均发生细胞内结冰,且低温对根细胞的破坏程度明显高于叶肉细胞,根细胞比叶细胞发生细胞结冰的时间更早,受害更严重。这表明根细胞比叶肉细胞对低温更敏感,因此,在低温来临前对枇杷地下部采取保温措施,对缓解地上部低温伤害具有积极作用。     

狗脊孢壁发育超微结构的研究

鳞毛蕨型孢子类型众多,初步研究表明形态相似的孢子类型其孢壁发育特征存在差异,因此有必要对各代表类群的孢壁发育进行深入地研究。该文利用透射电镜对乌毛蕨科(Blechnaceae)狗脊(Woodwardia japonica)孢壁结构和发育的超微结构进行研究。结果表明:(1)狗脊孢子囊的结构由外向内分别为孢子囊壁细胞、两层绒毡层细胞和孢子母细胞;(2)狗脊孢子具乌毛蕨型(Blechnoid type)外壁,表面光滑,由两层构成,裂缝区域具辐射状的槽;(3)周壁属于空心型(cavity type),由四层构成,从内向外分别为P1、P2、P3和P4层,前三层叠合在一起,层间有不同程度的空隙,P4层与前三层之间具有明显而连续的空腔,并隆起形成片状褶皱纹饰;(4)有小球体和小杆共同参与孢子周壁的形成,周壁部分或全部来源于孢子囊壁细胞。综上所述,狗脊孢子与同属于鳞毛蕨型的贯众(Cyrtomium fortunei)和朝鲜介蕨(Dryoathyrium coreanum)孢壁的发育在周壁结构、周壁各层的发育顺序、周壁来源和参与成壁的特征物质等方面存在差异。该研究有利于进一步理解蕨类植物孢壁所蕴含的分类和演化上的科学意义和价值。     

龟纹瓢虫四虫态肠道细菌分离及鉴定

目的通过对龟纹瓢虫四个虫态肠道菌群研究,探讨其营养生理,为改良龟纹瓢虫人工饲料,大量扩繁天敌昆虫奠定基础。方法按照传统的分离方法从龟纹瓢虫瓢卵、幼虫、蛹及雌成虫或肠道内分离15个不同菌株,对其染色反应、培养性状,菌体形态和生理生化性状进行系统研究。结果从龟纹瓢虫卵内分离鉴定出短芽胞杆菌（Bacillus brevis）、球性芽胞杆菌（Bacillus sphaericus）、棍状杆菌属（Clavibacter）和一种未知分类地位的菌;幼虫肠道内分离鉴定柠檬酸杆菌属（Citrob acter）、短状杆菌属（Brachybacterium）、微杆菌属（Microbacterium）、皮杆菌属（Dermabacter）、浸麻芽胞杆菌属（Bacillus macerans）、纤维单胞菌属（Cellulomonas）;蛹肠道分离鉴定出短芽胞杆菌（Bacillus brevis）、蜡状芽胞杆菌（Bacillus cereus）、微杆菌属（Microbacterium）、不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）;成虫肠道分离鉴定出短芽胞杆菌（Bacillus brevis）、球性芽胞杆菌（Bacillus sphaericus）、柠檬酸杆菌属（Citrob acter）、不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）、地衣芽胞杆菌（Bacillus licheniformis）、凝结芽胞杆菌（Bacillus coagulans）和巨大芽胞杆菌（Bacillusmegaterium）。结论不同虫态龟纹瓢虫肠道中细菌种类不同,为进一步研究适合龟纹瓢虫不同时期生长和繁殖的人工饲料的配比提供了依据。     

辽宁省虫生真菌的2个新记录种

报道了在辽宁省丹东市白石砬子国家自然保护区采集到的2个辽宁省新记录种,即虫草科(Cordycip-itaceae)的下垂虫草(Cordyceps nutans Pat.)和日本棒束孢(1sariajaponica Yusuda),并描述了其形态特征和生境分布.